Shared Agency
Coactivity
I encourage — to pursue his/her own educational goals
I try to cheer up — when he/she is having a hard time at school
I try to motivate — to accomplish his/her educational goals
When — falls short of his/her educational goals, I give him/her the confidence to try harder
 Support
— seeks my support after making important education-related decisions
— turns to me for comfort when he/she does not do well in school
Non-shared Agency  
Directing
I give — many suggestions on how he/she should manage his/her daily school activities*
I try to make — do what I think is best for his/her education
I always have to tell — what should be done about his/her education
I try to make — see why he/she did not accomplish his/her educational goals
Chang & Germo (2021). Generativity and shared agency with foster youth for education. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.